A microphone capsule, also known as a transducer, is a sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal. It is one of the most essential components in any audio device.
Inside the microphone capsule, there is a small diaphragm paired with a capacitor. When sound waves strike the diaphragm, it vibrates, causing the capacitance between the plates of the capacitor to change.
This change in capacitance generates an electrical signal - this is how the microphone capsule converts sound into an electrical form.
Once converted, the electrical signal can be transmitted through a cable to an amplifier or recorder, allowing the sound to be amplified or captured.
