There are many different types of microphones on the market, and choosing the right microphone can be challenging for users who need a microphone. The performance of the microphone will vary depending on the capsule type used. So, what are the differences between dynamic and condenser microphones?
Here are the four key differences between dynamic and condenser microphones:
- Working Principle
- Structural Differences
- Sound Quality
- Usage Scenarios
1. Working Principle
Dynamic Microphone Capsules:
Dynamic microphones work on the principle of electromagnetic
induction. When sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate, the
attached voice coil also vibrates. This vibration generates an
induced current within the magnetic field, creating an
electrical signal. The amplitude and direction of the current
depend on the sound waves, and the current is amplified by the
amplifier and transmitted to the speaker, producing the
amplified sound.
Condenser Microphone Capsules:
Condenser microphones work based on the principle of
capacitance. They use a very thin metallic diaphragm as one
capacitor plate and another metal backplate (a few millimeters
away) as the second plate. The diaphragm's vibrations change
the capacitance, generating an electrical signal.
2. Structural Differences
Dynamic Microphone Capsules:
The structure of dynamic microphones is simpler, consisting of a
diaphragm, voice coil, and a casing. They offer high stability
and structural strength.
Condenser Microphone Capsules:
Condenser microphones have a more complex structure, including
capacitors, internal plates, and amplifiers within the capsule.
3. Sound Quality
The structure and working principle of a microphone affect its sound quality. Due to the lower sensitivity of dynamic microphones and narrower frequency response range, they don't perform as well in the high-frequency range and are less responsive to faint sounds. In simpler terms, dynamic microphones tend to produce weaker sound detail and are less nuanced.
In contrast, condenser microphones excel in sound quality. They capture a wider frequency response, provide more detailed sound, and produce clearer and brighter audio.
4. Usage Scenarios
Dynamic microphones, with lower sensitivity, are better suited for environments where strict recording conditions are not required, such as KTV, stage performances, and interview settings.
Condenser microphones, with their higher sensitivity, are ideal for quieter environments or professional recording studios. They are often used for tasks like professional recording, instrument performances, and post-production voiceovers.
