A microphone, also known as a microphone, is translated from a transmitter. A microphone is an energy conversion device that converts sound signals into electrical signals. There are dynamic coil, capacitive, electret, and recently emerged silicon micro microphones, as well as liquid microphones and laser microphones. Most microphones are electret capacitive microphones, which work by using a polymer material diaphragm with charge isolation.
Phones can be divided into two types based on their energy
conversion principle: electric microphones and capacitive
microphones. The electric type can be further divided into
dynamic coil microphones and belt microphones.
Common commercial microphones include condenser microphones,
crystal microphones, carbon fiber microphones, dynamic
microphones, etc. Commonly used capacitive microphones use two
types of energy sources: DC bias power supply and electret thin
film. Both capacitive microphones and crystal microphones
convert sound energy into electrical energy to generate a
changing electric field. Carbon microphones use a DC voltage
source to change their resistance through sound vibration,
thereby converting acoustic signals into electrical signals.
Capacitive, crystal, and carbon microphones all generate voltage
signals proportional to the displacement of the sensitive film,
while dynamic microphones generate voltage signals proportional
to the vibration rate of the sensitive film. Dynamic microphones
use permanent magnets as their energy source and convert sound
energy into electrical energy through induction effects.
Most microphones are electret capacitor microphones, and this
technology has been around for decades. The working principle is
to use a polymer material vibration film with charge isolation.
Compared with the polymer diaphragm of ECM, MEMS microphones
have very stable performance at different temperatures and are
not affected by temperature, vibration, humidity, and time. Due
to its strong heat resistance, MEMS microphones can withstand
high temperature reflow soldering at 260 ° C without any
changes in performance. Due to the minimal sensitivity changes
before and after assembly, this can even save audio debugging
costs during the manufacturing process.
At present, integrated circuit technology is increasingly being
applied in the manufacturing of sensors and sensor interface
integrated circuits. This micro manufacturing process has
advantages such as precision, flexible design, miniaturization,
integration with signal processing circuits, low cost, and mass
production.
